Ground systems consisting of control apparatus for satellites; radio transceivers; equipment bays consisting of items of equipment for satellites and spacecraft, especially avionics and service modules; measurement, control, observation and communication apparatus; ground systems for operating and controlling satellites; radio-electric transceivers and radio devices; scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signaling, checking (supervision), lifesaving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound and images; data processing equipment and computers; data carriers; transmitters (telecommunications), electrical cables, fibre optic cables, electronic apparatus and instruments, electronic storage media; observation instruments and systems comprising thereof; infrared surveillance and tracking equipment and systems comprising thereof, in especially location systems; secure observation and reconnaissance equipment and systems comprising thereof; airborne surveillance equipment and systems comprising thereof, day/night surveillance equipment and systems comprising thereof; encoders or decoders, digital sound and image data transmitters; radar antennas, satellite transmitters and receivers, converters and transponders; electronic equipment for civilian and military use; electrical and electronic tracking, detection and monitoring and geo-location and geo-localization equipment; radar imagery-based airborne ground surveillance and reconnaissance equipment and systems comprising thereof; guidance and navigation equipment and systems comprising thereof, fixed or portable computer, electronic and telecommunication apparatus and equipment included in this class, computer servers, servers and data storage devices, computer workstations, modems; wireless and satellite-based hardware and software for onboard data networks; multi-platform interfaces, including the hardware and software therefor; geographic information processing equipment and systems comprising thereof, especially satellite systems, GPS; apparatus and equipment for the acquisition, compression, transmission, analysis and restoration of satellite images and aerial photographs; image transmission equipment by digital radio link and systems comprising thereof; hardware and software (recorded/stored programs) for position determination, monitoring and surveillance in specific geographical areas; monitoring and control hardware and software (recorded/stored programs), position determination, monitoring and surveillance equipment and systems comprising thereof in specific geographical areas, media for the storage of data and user terminals (computer terminals) for determination of position, navigation, navigation databases, radar or satellite navigation, radio navigation and for the following applications: mapping information, security and emergency equipment, instruments and apparatus, research (other than for medical use) and lifesaving equipment, instruments and apparatus; electrical or electronic instruments and apparatus for the reception, processing and/or transmission of navigation signals and their elements and component parts; telecommunication and radio communication apparatus, hardware and software for telecommunication and radio communication networks, hardware and software for digital telecommunication networks; communication and radio communication networks by wire, cable, fiber optics, radio or satellite; apparatus for communicating, transmitting, receiving voice, image, data and multimedia data; network appliances, in especially gateways, and systems comprising thereof for Internet gateways; appliances and equipment comprising thereof and apparatus for the transmission of messages, information, data, sound and images over the airwaves, via cable, via fiber optics, via telephone, via satellite, via terminals, via telecommunication networks and via computer networks; telecommunications and desktop automation terminals for military applications; software programs in a format exploitable by computer provided on magnetic or optical media or in a downloadable format to be used with the aforementioned products, software programs for secure communications and enabling one to authenticate, check, record and analyze business relationships and transactions via a system of controlled access rights and notifications, satellite telecommunications equipment and satellite telecommunications stations comprising thereof, especially in aircraft; software (recorded/stored programs) for communication and radio communication networks for transmission of data via wire, cable, via fiber optics, via radio or via satellite; software (recorded/stored programs) for encryption and decryption; simulation, modeling, testing and experimentation software; servers for modeling simulation, testing and experimentation of civilian and military operations; software designed to perform the functions of planning, acquisition, processing and dissemination of intelligence information and data exclusively in the areas of intelligence and geography, for the purpose of defense and safety; software (recorded/stored programs) for the provision of access to an electronic messaging service; transaction security software for intranet and Internet data terminals, operating stations and terminals for presenting information graphically and textually; secure information processing equipment; secure telecommunications appliances and equipment comprising thereof; software for the synchronization of secure data between a remote station or device and a fixed or remote station or device; electrical and/or electronic apparatus, electrical and/or electronic instruments and equipment for displaying reports, analyses and measurement results, in especially in the form of graphics, tables and charts resulting from the analysis of performance and the monitoring of performance of navigation signals and/or data; computer software (recorded/stored programs) used for examining and identifying space segments in two dimensions or in three dimensions; sensors and communication apparatus and equipment; industrial geo-production system composed of a digital processing chain for producing satellite, aerial or terrestrial images, data in 3D; software for the field of satellite imaging and data; apparatus for processing data, in particular via satellite; computer software for processing and analyzing photographs such as aerial and satellite photographs; computer software for stereographic projections, digital land models, ortho-images and thematic maps; data base management software such as for stereographic reproduction, for storage, preparation, treatment and analysis of drawings, images, photos, charts, aerial and satellite photographs, surface models; apparatus for processing, analysis, reproduction and storage of satellites images; computers and computer software for industries, namely, fire and government, relating to operational systems, customer management, asset management systems, geographical information systems, computer aided design, real-time visualization and mobile systems and configuration of the same for usage on appropriate computer hardware.